Which structure is primarily responsible for the attachment of muscles and ribs to the spine?

The transverse process is primarily responsible for the attachment of muscles and ribs to the spine. These bony projections extend from the sides of the vertebrae and provide crucial points of attachment for various muscles and ligaments. In addition to their role in muscle attachment, the transverse processes serve as attachment points for the ribs at certain levels of the thoracic spine, contributing to the stability and mobility of the ribcage.

The other structures mentioned, while important components of the vertebral column, serve different functions. The spinous process, located at the back of each vertebra, is primarily a site for muscle attachment and does not play a direct role in rib attachment. The facet joints facilitate movement between the vertebrae by allowing for articulation, but they do not provide attachment for muscles or ribs. The vertebral body is the main structural component of the vertebra that provides overall strength, support, and protection for the spinal cord, but it does not serve as an attachment point for muscles or ribs.